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Vespa luctuosa
''Vespa luctuosa'' is a species of hornet which is endemic to the Philippines. The main subspecies is ''Vespa luctuosa luctuosa'' (primarily native to Luzon island). Other known subspecies include ''Vespa luctuosa luzonensis'' (primarily native to the Visayas, including Leyte island and Samar Island)〔 and ''Vespa luctuosa negrosensis'' (native to Negros island). ''Vespa luctuosa'' is best known for its potent venom.
==Venom characteristics==
The venom of ''Vespa luctuosa'' has the highest recorded toxicity to mice of any wasp species tested. The of the venom is 1.6 mg/kg. The toxicity (measured against mice) per weight of ''Vespa luctuosa'' venom is higher than that of the Japanese giant hornet (''Vespa mandarinia japonica''), which has an LD50 of 4.0 mg/kg, but which is responsible for many more human deaths than ''Vespa luctuosa''. The greater lethality of Japanese giant hornet stings—as well as the closely related Asian giant hornet (''Vespa mandarinia'')—results from a considerably larger volume of venom being injected per sting.
In addition to being the most venomous known wasp, ''Vespa luctuosa'' has one of the highest recorded toxicities of any known insect venom. Only harvester ant venom from the genus ''Pogonomyrmex'' (especially ''Pogonomyrmex maricopa''), as well as the unrelated ant ''Ectatomma tuberculatum'', are known to be more toxic.〔
In addition to pain at the sting site(s), symptoms of severe ''Vespa luctuosa'' envenomation include convulsions, cyanosis and hematuria.〔(Material safety datasheet ) for ''Vespa luctuosa luctuosa'' venom〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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